Search results for "Cancer | Very Important Paper"

MTOR inhibitor-based combination therapies for pancreatic cancer

2018

Background: Although the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) kinase, included in the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signalling hubs, has been demonstrated to be active in a significant fraction of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the value of the kinase as a therapeutic target needs further clarification. Methods: We used Mtor floxed mice to analyse the function of the kinase in context of the pancreas at the genetic level. Using a dual-recombinase system, which is based on the flippase-FRT (Flp-FRT) and Cre-loxP recombination technologies, we generated a novel cellular model, allowing the genetic analysis of MTOR functions in tumour maintenance. Cross-species validation and pha…

Heat Shock Protein 60 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights and Perspectives

2020

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a mitochondrial chaperone that is implicated in physiological and pathological processes. For instance, it contributes to protein folding and stability, translocation of mitochondrial proteins, and apoptosis. Variations in the expression levels of HSP60 have been correlated to various diseases and cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unlike other HSPs which clearly increase in some cancers, data about HSP60 levels in HCC are controversial and difficult to interpret. In the current review, we summarize and simplify the current knowledge about the role of HSP60 in HCC. In addition, we highlight the possibility of its targeting, using chemical com…

Response to the Letter to the editor regarding “Targeting NUPR1 with the small compound ZZW-115 is an efficient strategy to treat hepatocellular carc…

2021

How important is the role of iterative liver direct surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for a transplant center located in an area with…

2022

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for nearly 90% of primary liver cancers, with estimates of over 1 million people affected by 2025. We aimed to explore the impacting role of an iterative surgical treatment approach in a cohort of HCC patients within the Milan criteria, associated with clinical risk factors for tumor recurrence (RHCC) after liver transplant (LT) and loco-regional therapies (LRT), as well as liver resection (LR) and/or microwave thermal ablation (MWTA).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed our experience performed during an 8-year period between January 2013 and December 2021 in patients treated for HCC, focusing on describing the impact on preoperative end-st…

Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score is Associated With Risk of Recurrence in Bladder Cancer Patients After Radical Cystectomy

2015

Recently, many studies explored the role of inflammation parameters in the prognosis of urinary cancers, but the results were not consistent. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), a systemic inflammation marker, is a prognostic marker in various types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the preoperative mGPS as predictor of recurrence-free (RFS), overall (OS), and cancer-specific (CSS) survivals in a large cohort of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients.A total of 1037 patients with UBC were included in this study with a median follow-up of 22 months (range 3-60 months). An mGPS = 0 was observed in 646 patients (62.3%), mGPS = 1 in 297 pa…

Toll Like Receptors as Sensors of the Tumor Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications in Cancer Progression

2021

Microbiota is a complex ecosystem of active microorganisms resident in the body of mammals. Although the majority of these microorganisms resides at the distal gastrointestinal tract, high-throughput DNA sequencing technology have made possible to understand that several other tissues of the human body host their own microbiota, even those once considered sterile, such as lung tissue. These bacterial communities have important functions in maintaining a healthy body state and the host immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms by which maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the microbiota. The maintenance of this dialogue allows the induction of protective responses to pathogens and r…

Interferon α interferes with immunological tolerance.

2013

The ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote immunological tolerance represents an important obstacle in cancer immunotherapy. We have recently discovered that the clinically established immunotherapeutic agent interferon α (IFNα) inactivates the suppressive functions of human Tregs. Here, we outline the mechanisms whereby IFNα mediates this important function and discuss its therapeutic implications for cancer immunotherapy.

Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs Contribute to the Osteogenic Inhibition of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma

2020

Osteolytic bone disease is the major complication associated with the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of MM-associated bone disease by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we investigated a correlation between the EV-mediated osteogenic inhibition and MM vesicle content, focusing on miRNAs. By the use of a MicroRNA Card, we identified a pool of miRNAs, highly expressed in EVs, from MM cell line (MM1.S EVs), expression of which was confirmed in EVs from bone marrow (BM) plasma of patients affected by smoldering myeloma (SMM) and MM. Notably,we found that miR-129-5p, whic…

Clinical Potential of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) for Longitudinally Monitoring Clinical Outcomes in the First-Line Setting of Non-Small-Cell L…

2022

Background: Despite the increasing implementation of targeted and immunotherapy-based treatments, the prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC remains dismal. We prospectively evaluated longitudinal plasma cfDNA kinetics as an early marker of therapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing standard first-line treatments. Methods: From February 2020 to May 2022, treatment-naïve patients with advanced NSCLC were consecutively enrolled at the Medical Oncology Unit of the Paolo Giaccone University Hospital, Palermo (Italy). We quantified cfDNA in terms of ng/μL using a QubitTM dsDNA HS Assay Kit. The agreement between the cfDNA and radiologic response was evaluated from…

Divergent Patterns and Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Survival Among Older Women in Germany and the United States

2020

Background: Breast cancer treatment has changed tremendously over the last decades. In addition, the use of mammography screening for early detection has increased strongly. To evaluate the impact of these developments, long-term trends in incidence, mortality, stage distribution and survival were investigated for Germany and the United States (US). Methods: Using population-based cancer registry data, long-term incidence and mortality trends (1975&ndash